Chuyên đề Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Dạng từ - Trường THPT Nguyễn Khuyến

 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
I. NOUNS.
 1. Definition:Noun is a word used as the name of a peron, thing, animal, place ...
 Ex: Student ( person ) Blackboard (thing) 
 Cat ( animal ) Countryside (place)
 2- The ways to form a noun.
 FORM EXAMPLES
 AR - sailor, actor ...
a- Verb + ER - teacher, driver, viewer, singer...
 OR - beggar, liar ...
 ION - action, invention, liberation, conclusion ...
b- Verb + ING - writing, making, liking, cooking, learning...
 MENT - movement, development, investment, punishment, 
 amusement ...
c- Noun /Adjective + DOM - kingdom, freedom, wisdom 
d- Noun/Adjective + HOOD - boyhood, neigbourhood, childhood, brotherhood, falsehood.
e- Noun/ Adjective + ISM - capitalism, patriotism, terrorism, heroism, communism.
 - socialism, racialism, colonialism
 NESS - happiness, laziness, illness, sickness ...
f- Adjective + TY - cruelty, loyalty, difficulty ...
 ITY - possibility, ability, capability, ability, curiosity ...
g- Verb + ANT - assistant, accountant, applicant, contestant...
h- Adjective Noun - angry → anger - long → length
 - brave → bravery - proud → pride
 - deep → depth - terrible → terror
 - famous → fame - young → youth
 - high → height - hot → heat
 - true → truth 
 - just → justice
i- Verb Noun - choose → choice - live → life
 - prove → proof - strike → stroke
 - sing → song - advise → advice
 - enter → entry - fail → failure
 - feed → food - laugh → laughter
 - renew → renewal - sit → seat
 - speak → speech - see → sight
 - sell → sale - die → death
 - bury → burial - lose → loss
 3. The functions of a noun
 3.1.3.1- Subject: - This girl is intelligent.
 3.1.3.2- Object: - She eats a banana.
 3.1.3.3- Complement: - He is a footballer.
 3.1.3.4- Appositive:- Mr. David, a famous doctor, is my father’s friend.
 3.1.3.5- Object of a preposition:- Everybody is interested in sports.
 3.1.3.6- Adjective:- The Vietnam War is different from any other one. 
II. ADJECTIVES:
 .1-Definition: Adjective is a word that modifies a noun. It usually stands before a noun
 Ex: a horse a charming room
 an apple a furnished house
 this old house Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
 2- The way to form an adjective:
 FORM EXAMPLES
Noun - Adjective - choir → choral - neglect → neglected
 - circle → circular - picture → picturesque
 - union → united - charity → charitable 
 - fashion → fashionable - gold → golden
 - honour → honourable - wool → woolen
 - notice → noticeable - wood → wooden
 - reason → reasonable - earth → earthen
 - value → valuable - North → Northern
 - terror → terrible - West → Western
 - sense → sensible - fury → furious
 - horror → horrible - glory → glorious
 - access → accessible - melody → melodious
 - luxury → luxurious - mystery → mysterious
 - victory → victorious - prosper → prosperous
 - vapour → vapourous - bounty → bounteous
 - variety → various - clamour → clamorous
 - danger → dangerous - murder → murderous
 - dangour → dangourous - disaster → disastrous
 - advangtage → advangtageous - courage → courageous
 - mountain → mountainous - strain → strainous
 - venom → venomous - volume → voluminous
 - peril → perilous - mischief → mischievous
 - caution → cautious - advent → adventitious
 - citrus → citreous - affection → affectionate 
 - fortune → fortunate - authority → authoritative
 - apprehension→ apprehensive - intuition → intuitive
Verb → adjective - abhor → abhorrent - vary → various
 - obey → obedient - accept → acceptable
 - absorb → absorbent - admire → admirable
 - notice → noticeable - choose → choosy
 - compel → compelling - volunteer→ voluntary
 - please → pleasing - unite → united
 - learn → learned - comply → compliant
 - vacate → vacant - grieve → grievous
 - marvel → marvelous - prosper → prosperous
 - strain → strenduous - study → studious
 - quarrel → quarrelsome - meddle → meddlesome
 - benefit → benificial - criticize → critical
 - abuse → abusive - attend → attentive
 - collect → collective - compete → competitive
 - create → creative - destroy → destructive
 - decide → decisive - express → expressive
 - describe → descriptive - extend → extensive
 - affirm → affirmative - decorate → decorative
 - image → imaginative - inform → informative
 - deceive→deceptive/ deceitful 
noun - FUL - harmful - pocketful - peaceful - basketful
 - handful - useful - successful - helpful
 2 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
 FORM EXAMPLES
noun -LESS - childless - helpless
 - harmless - homeless
 - odourless - noiseless
 - hopeless - thoughtless
 - useless
noun -LY - manly - hourly
 - yearly - daily
 - brotherly
 - fatherly
noun -LIKE - lifelike - childlike
 - warlike - godlike
 - statemanlike
noun - Y - silvery - starry
 - snowy - healthy
 - crafty - silky
 - rainy - shadowy
 - faulty - wintery
 - dirty
 - sandy
noun - ISH - foolish
 - childish
 - selfish
 - amateurish
noun -AL - central - optional
 - accidental - natural
 - traditional - magical
 - occasional - industrial
 - personal - agricultural
Noun→ Adjective - difference different - strain strainous
 - patience patient - venom venomous
 - independence independent - volume voluminous
 - vigilance vigilant - peril perilous
 - distance distant - mischief mischievous
 - circumstance circumstantial - caution cautious
 - volcano volcanic - advent adventitious
 - sympathy sympathic - citrus citreous
 - hero heroic - affection affectionate
 - giant giantic - fortune fortunate
 - energy energic - authority authoritative
 - metal metallic - mystery mysterious
 - poet poetic - victory victorious
 - academy academic - prosper prosperous
 - anemia anemic - vapour vapourous
 - athlete athletic - variety various
 - quarrel quarrelsome - bounty bounteous
 - trouble troublesome - clamour clamourous
 - choir choral - danger dangerous
 - circle circular - murder murderous
 - picture picturesque - dangour dangourous
 - charity charitable - disaster disastrious
 3 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
 FORM EXAMPLES
 - fashion fashionable - advantage advantageous
 - honour honourable - courage courageous
 - notice noticeable - mountain mountainous
 - reason reasonable - wood wooden
 - sense sensible - earth earthen
 - horror horrible - North Northern
 - gold golden - West Western
 - wool woolen - fury furious
 - glory glorious - benefit beneficial
 - apprehension apprehensive - criticize critical
 - intuition intuitive - abuse abusive
 - abhor abhorrent - attend attentive
 - obey obedient - collect collective
 - absorb absorbent - compete competitive
 - acquiesce acquiescent - create creative
Verb → Adjective - admire admirable - decide decisive
 - notice noticeable - express expressive
 - choose choosy - extend extensive
 - volunteer voluntary - select selective
 - compel compelling - affirm affirmative
 - learn learned - decorate decorative
 - comply compliant - image imaginative
 - vacate vacant - inform informative
 - grieve grievous - deceive deceptive / deceitful
 - marvel marvelous - meddle meddlesome
 - study studious
 - quarrel quarrelsome
 .3- The uses of adjective
 3.2.3.1- Attribute adjective (tính ngữ) bổ nghiã cho danh từ phía sau
 Ex: intelligent student
 large room 
 big house 
 3.2.3.2- Predicative adjectives (vị ngữ) chỉ tính cách của chủ ngữ nhờ những động từ BE / 
 LINKING VERBS (become / get / look / seem ..)
 Ex: - My brother is young 
 - You look tired 
 3.2.3.3- Object compliment (bổ nghĩa cho tân ngữ) chỉ tích cách của tân ngữ nhờ các động từ: 
 find, make, set, keep, leave...
 Ex: I found this lesson difficult 
 The sun keeps us warm
 3.2.3.4-The adjective must be placed after the noun of time, of measurement or words 
 (something, anything, nothing)
 Ex: Twenty years old
 Five yards long
 Nothing strange
 I didn’t notice anything wrong with him.
IV Adverbs:
 .1- Definition: Adverbs express how, when, or where an action is done
 2- The positions of adverbs
 4 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
 1- Adverbs which modify the meaning of adjectives or other adverbs are placed “ before” the 
 word modified
 Ex: She is very beautiful
 (adj)
 He sings very well 
 (adv)
 2- Adverbs which modify the meaning of a whole sentence are placed at the beginning of the 
 sentence.
 Ex: Usually we go to school by motor cycle.
 3- Adverbs which modify the meaning of verbs.
 Ex: He is running fast
 I live here
 I am speaking now
 4- The way to form adverbs:
 ADJECTIVE + LY → ADVERB OF MANER
♣ NOTES:
 ➢ There is a change of the final vowel when necessary
 Ex: lucky → luckily 
 happy → happily
 slow → slowly
 ➢ Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives
 Ex: - I went to New York by a fast train. 
 (adj)
 - He ran fast. 
 (adv)
 - We were late for school.
 (adj)
 - We went t school late. 
 (adv)
.4- VERBS:
 1- Definition : a verb is a word or a group which expresses an action or state of being
 - Transitive verb: is one which is used with an object 
 Ex: The waiter brings coffee (object)
 The student learns English (object)
 - Intransitive verb: is one which is used without an object. It can not be used in the passive 
 voice.
 Ex: The sun rises.
 The baby is sleeping .
 ♣ Notes:
➢ Most of English verbs are used both transitively and intransitively
 Ex: - The boy rings the bell.
 - The bell rings.
 - The girl is singing a song
 - The girl is singing
➢ Few verbs are used transitively or intransitively
 Ex: - The boy lays the book.(object)
 - The boy is lying on the table.
 - He sets the bird free.
 - He sits on the chair.
 - Auxiliary verb: Auxiliary verb is one which helps other verbs to form tenses, moods or voices.
 5 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
 - The auxiliary verbs : be, will, shall. Do do, did.
 Ex: - He is studying English
 - She will come to the party.
 - An apple is eaten by Mary.
 - They have gone away.
 - Tom doesn’t understand the lesson.
 - Modal verb: Modal verb is one which can’t conjugate in all tenses, and moods.
 The modal verbs are: will, shall, can, may, might, need, dare, used to, ought to
 Ex: - He can swim.
 - Can’t he swim ?
 2- The ways to form verbs 
 FORM EXAMPLES
 camp encamp horror horrorify
 circle encircle justice justify
 courage encourage liquid liquefy
 danger endanger terror terrify
 roll enroll belief believe
 slavery enslaver blood bleed
 tomb entomb brass braze
 power empower glass glaze
 calm becalm deceit deceive
 friend befriend deed do
 company accompany endurance endure
 custom accustom food feed
 actor act gold gild
 creator create grief grieve
 addition add growth grow
 circulation circulate knee kneel
 competition compete knowledge know
 composition compose life live
 description describe pleasure please
NOUN → VERB
 dictation dictate product produce
 division divide proof prove
 education educate relief relieve
 illustration illustrate sale sell
 imitation imitate shelf shelve
 obligation obligate song sing
 provision provide speech speak
 solution solve success succeed
 suspicious suspect thought think
 liberty liberate price prize
 wreath wreathe tale tell
 bath bathe colony colonize
 breath breathe drama dramatize
 cloth clothe moisture moisturize
 bright brighten nation nationalize
 broad broaden sympathy sympathize
 sweet sweeten vandal vandalize
 trial try vapour vapourize
 dirt dirty vitality vitalize
 6 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
 FORM EXAMPLES
 beauty beautify vacancy vacate
 class classify vaccine vaccinate
 glory glorify
ADJECTIVE →VERB deep deepen large enlarge
 dark darken modern modernize
 fat fatten simple simplify
 short shorten cool cool
 sharp sharpen full fill
 straight straighten hale heal
 tight tighten weak weaken
 wide widen
4.ÁP DỤNG THỰC TIỄN
4.1- SUBJECT + VERB + ADJ/ ADV/ NOUN.
 4.1.1- SUBJECT + BE / LINKING VERBS + ADJ (linking verbs: become, look, sem, turns out, find, 
 make, set, keep ...)
 4.1.2- SUBJECT + VERB + ADV 
 Ex: - The flowers are fresh (adj)
 - Peter ran faster than I did.(adv)
 - We are late for school (adj)
 - We go to school late. (adv)
 - I feel interested in this book (adj)
 4.1.3- SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN 
 mạo từ (a / an / the). adj noun
 từ chỉ định (this / that / these those).
 từ bất định (some / many / any).
 từ sở hữu (my / her / our ...).
 Ex: - She is a beautiful girl. (beauty)
 - He has a preference for english novels.(prefer)
 4.1.4- SUBJECT + VERB + THE + ADJ (Dùng như danh từ)
 Ex: - Our pupils are raising money for the poor. (poor)
 adj
 - The rich are always selfish. (rich)
 adj
 - Ngoài các tính từ thông thường, ta cũng có thể sử dụng động từ : past participle (Ved / V2 ), present 
 participle (Ving)
 - Present participle: dùng như tính từ mang tính chủ động bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đã tác động, danh từ 
 gây ra hành động đó.
 - Past participle : dùng như tính từ mang tính bị động, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ nhận lấy sự tác động hành 
 động đó (ngoài sự phân biệt về nghĩa, ta còn có thẻ căn cứ vào hình thái của chủ ngữ)
 - Ex: It was a very exciting football match (excite)
 ↓ present participle
 Subject (thing / animal)
 The children were excited in Christmas day.(excite)
 ↓ past participle
 Subject (person / people) 
 7 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
4.2- SUBJECT + VERB + TO INFINITIVE
 afford, want, forget, arrange, need, ask, dare, agree, attempt, tend
 learn(how), plan, decide, pretend, threaten, appear, offer, expect,
 refuse, manage, fail, happen, beg, prepare, promise, hope.
Ex: - I like George but I think he pretends to talk too much.
 - I decide not to go out because of the weather. 
♣ NOTES:
➢ Dare + bare infinitive / to infinitive
➢ Daren’t + bare infinitive
Ex:- I wouldn’t dare ask him.
 - I would not dare to ask him.
 - I daren’t tell him what happened.
4.3- SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE
 advise / allow / ask / beg / encourage / hate / intent / invite /would 
 like / need / persuade / remind tell / want / warn /expect / help / 
 would prefer / order / force / enable.
Ex: - Remind me to phone Ann tomorrow.
 - I got Jack to repair my car.
4.4- SUBJECT + VERB + BARE INFINITIVE
 can / could may / might / must / ought to / have to / would rather
 had better / would sooner
Ex: - I would rather do it later.
 - He can solve the problem.
4.5- SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + BARE INFINITIVE
 have / let / help / make / get
Ex: - His mother makes him go to bed at 9 o’clock.
 - The teacher had his students do homework.
4.6- SUBJECT + VERB + VING
 can’t bear / can’t help / can’t stand / finish / enjoy / mind / suggest / 
 fancy / image / risk / give up / stop / put off / delay / postpone / 
 carry on / continue / go on / regret / admit / avoid / consider / 
 involve / practice / miss / hate / love / like / dislike
 8 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
Ex: - I don’t fancy going out this evening.
 - I’ll do the shopping when I have finished cleaning the flat.
 - When I’m on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early 
♣ NOTES:
➢ DÙNG Ving sau các thành ngữ
 It’s no use
 It’s no good
 There’s no point in
 It’s (not) worth
 (have) difficulty
 a waste of time / money
 spend / waste (time)
Ex: - I had difficulty finding a place to live
 - I spent hours trying to repair the clock
➢ Chúng ta dùng Ving sau động từ “go” để chỉ một số họat động (thể thao)
 go shopping go sailing
 go climbing go fishing
 go swimming go sightseeing
 go skiing go riding
4.7- VERB + TO INFINITIVE / VING
 4.7.1 -love, like, begin, start, intend, continue + to infinitive / Ving ( không có sự thay đổi nghĩa đáng 
 kể)
 4.7.2- có một số động từ vừa theo sau là Ving hoặc To infinitive có sự thay đổi nghĩa:
 * VERB + to infinitive: mang ý nghĩa của một mục đích, một dự định, hoặc một trách nhiệm 
 trong tương lai.
 * VERB + Ving: diễn tả một sự việc đã diễn ra trong quá khứ
 • REMEMBER + to infinitive : nhớ để thực hiện
 • REMEMBER + Ving: nhớ lại sự việc đã được thưc hiện
 Ex: - He remembers to lock the door.
 - He remembers locking the door.
 * TRY + To infinitive : cố gắng thực hiện
 * TRY + Ving : thử làm
 Ex: - I’m very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldn’t.
 - I’ve got a terrible headache. I tried taking an aspirin but it didn’t help.
 • STOP + T infinitive: dừng lại để làm việc gì.
 • STOP + Ving : từ bỏ làm một việc gì
 Ex: - Stop talking in the class!
 - He stopped to smoke a cigarrete. But it was so windy that he failed to do it.
 *REGRET+ To infinitive : hối tiếc để làm việc gì.
 * REGERT + Ving hối tiếc đã làm việc gì.
 Ex: A: I regret to inform that you failed the exam.
 B: Oh, dear! I regret not studying hard.
 • NEED + T o infinitive : cần thiết để làm việc gì.
 • NEED + Ving : cần được làm.
 Ex: - I need to take more exercises.
 9 Chuyên đề : DẠNG TỪ – Lớp 12 
 - The batteries in the radio need changing / to be changed.
♣ NOTES:
 ➢ CÁC CẶP ĐỘNG TỪ SAU : permit = allow (cho phép)
 advise = recommend (khuyên bảo) 
 Có hai cách viết cho những động từ trên.
 SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE
 SUBJECT + VERB + Ving
 Ex: - The police didn’t allow us to go there.- 
 - The police didn’t allow going there.
 - The doctor recommended me to take that medicine before meals.
 - The doctor recommened taking that medicine before meals.
 ➢ TO BE ALLOWED / PERMITTED + TO DO SOMETHING : được phép làm gì
 Ex: - You aren’t allowed to use the office phone for personal calls.
 - She was allowed to visit him.
 4.8.- SUBJECT + VERB + IT + ADJ / NOUN + TO INFINITIVE.
 Ex:- He doesn’t think it interesting to talk with John.
 - They considered it a great honour to be invited to your wedding party.
 4.9.- NOUN / VING / TO INFINITIVE + V + O
 EX:- To succeed in an examination is not an easy thing.
 - Swimming is a good sport.
 - Speech is silver but silence is gold.
 4.10.-ADV + S + V + O ( vị trí thông thường của trạng từ nằm ở cuối câu, đầu câu, hay ở giữa tùy theo 
 vị trí của trạng từ cần điền)
 Ex: -Have you finished the final report yet?
 - She looks thin but actually she is very healthy.
 - I’m extremely sorry for the delay.
 - Computers are recent achievements in our time. I have read these scientific papers recently 
5.-BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE
Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase 
1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
 a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls?
 a. act b. active c. action d. activity
3. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
 a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
4. These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.
 a. solve b. solvable c. solutions d. solvability
5. He was looking at his parents _______, waiting for recommendations.
 a. obey b. obedience c. obedient d. obediently
6. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _______ of teachers. 
 a. support b. supportive c. supporter d. supporting
7. It is _________ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it.
 a. care b. caring c. careless d. careful
8. For ________ reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended.
 a. secure b. securely c. security d. securing
9. The leader of the explorers had the great _______ in his native guide. 
 a. confident b. confidence c. confidential d. confidentially
10. We are impressed by his _________ to help us with the hard mission. 
 a. will b. willing c. willingness d. willingly
Exercise 2: Use the proper form of the word in parentheses to fill in the blank.
 10