Đề cương ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Phần: Ngữ pháp

 ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12- PHẦN NGỮ PHÁP 
 A. THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 
@ Lí thuyết 
 TEN
 FORM CLUES USAGE 
 SES 
 * Regular verbs: every, always, constantly -Diễn tả 1 thói 
 I, We, You, They, N số nhiếu (luôn luôn), usually, often, quen, 1 hđ xảy ra 
 + V frequently, generally, thường xuyên ở 
 1. 
 He, She, It + V s, es normally (thường), HT 
 Simp
 S + do / does not + V sometimes, occasionally -Diễn tả 1 chân lý, 
 le 
 Do / does + S + V ? (thỉnh thoảng), seldom (ít 1 sự thật hiển 
 Prese
 * be  am / is / are khi), rarely (hiếm khi), never nhiên. 
 nt 
 S + am/is/ are + N/ A (không bao giờ), on 
 S + am/ is/ are not + N/A Mondays, Tuesdays, 
 Am/ Is/ Are + S+ N/ A? 
 now, right now, at the -Diễn tả 1 hđ đang 
 2. moment, at present, this diễn ra và kéo dài 1 
 S + am / is / are + V-ing 
 Prese (summer, year ), ngoại time ở HT 
 nt trừ this morning -Thường tiếp theo 
 S + am / is / are + not + V-ing 
 Conti look, listen, be quiet, keep sau câu đề nghị, 
 nuou silent . mệnh lệnh 
 Am / is / are + S + V-ing? 
 s -Diễn tả hđ sắp xảy 
 ra 
 just (vừa mới), recently (gần -Diễn tả 1 hđ vừa 
 đây), lately (vừa rồi), mới xảy ra 
 already (vừa xong), yet -Diễn tả 1 hđ được 
 (chưa), never (chưa bao lặp đi lặp lại ở QK 
 giờ), once (1 lần), twice (2 -Diễn tả 1 hđ bắt 
 lần), three times, several đầu từ QK mà còn 
 S + have / has + V3/ed times, mamy times, since (từ kéo dài tới HT 
 3. 
 khi), for (khoảng tg), so far -Diễn tả 1 hđ xảy 
 Prese
 S + have / has + not + V3/ed = until now = up to now = ra trong QK mà 
 nt 
 up to the present (cho tới không biết rõ tg 
 Perfe
 bây giờ), this is the first / 
 ct 
 Have / has + S + V3/ed? second / third time, . 
 SINCE + mốc tg (since 
 1998, since last week, since 
 I last saw him) 
 FOR + khoảng tg (for 2 
 hours / days, for the past) 
 HTHT + since + QKĐ 
 1 4. S + have / has + been + V-ing since, for -Diễn tả 1 hđ bắt 
Prese All + thời gian (all the đầu từ QK mà còn 
nt morning, all the afternoon, kéo dài liên tục tới 
Perfe all day, ) HT và còn có khả 
ct năng tiếp tục ở TL 
Conti
nuou
s 
 * regular verbs: ago, yesterday, in + year in -Diễn tả 1 hđ xảy 
5. S + V2/ed the past, last (week, month, ra trg QK, chấm 
Simp S + didn’t + V year), in the past, in those dứt rồi và biết rõ 
le Did + S + V ? days, ... thời gian. 
Past * be  was / were -Diễn tả sự kiện 
 lịch sử 
 S + was / were + V-ing at + hour in the past (at -Diễn tả hđ xảy ra 
 S + was / were + not + V-ing 2.30 yesterday), at that time, và kéo dài 1 tg ở 
 Was / were + S + V-ing ? at this time + time in the QK 
 past (at this time in 2000), -Diễn tả hđ xảy ra 
6. 
 all + time (all tha day), vào 1 thời điểm ở 
Past 
 during + time (during the QK 
Conti
 day), when, while - Diễn tả hđ đang 
nuou
 xảy ra ở QK thì có 
s 
 hđ khác xen vào 
 -Diễn tả 2 hđ đang 
 cùng xảy ra trong 
 QK 
 S + had + V3/ed when, after, before, . No - Diễn tả hđ xảy ra 
 S + hadn’t + V3/ed sooner than, trước 1hđ khác trg 
 Had + S + V3/ed? ..hardly when QK, hoặc trước 1 
7. 
 After + QKHT, QKĐ thời điểm trg QK 
Past 
 Before + QKĐ, QKHT 
Perfe
 S + had + no sooner + 
ct 
 V3/ed + than + S + V2/ed 
 S + had + hardly + V3/ed 
 + when + S + V2/ed 
8. S + had + been + V-ing by + time in the past + for + - Diễn tả hđ QK đã 
Past time (by July last year for 3 xảy ra và kéo dài 
Perfe year ), before cho đến khi hđ QK 
ct thứ hai xảy ra 
Conti
nuou
s 
 2 S + will + Vo someday, tomorrow, next -Diễn tả hđ sẽ xảy 
 S + won’t + Vo (week / month / year), soon, ra trg TL 
 Will + S + Vo ? in + future time 
 9. 
 think, believe, suppose, 
 Simp
 - perhaps, probably, 
 le 
 - promise 
 Futu
 - If (trong câu điều kiện 
 re 
 loại I-giả định một điều có 
 thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc 
 tương lai) 
 10. S + will + have + V3/ed by the time, by then, by + - Diễn tả hđ sẽ 
 Futu point of time (by noon, by hoàn tất trước 1 
 re June ) thời điểm ở TL 
 Perfe hoặc trước 1 hđ 
 ct khác ở TL 
 S + is/am/ are + going to + V - Dẫn chứng cụ thể Dùng để diễn tả 
 Ví dụ: một dự định đã có 
 11. 
 - Look at the black cloud kế hoạch từ trước. 
 be 
 on the sky! It is going to Diễn tả một dự 
 going 
 rain. đoán có căn cứ xác 
 to V 
 định, có dẫn chứng 
 cụ thể 
@ Bài tập 
Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence 
1. We __________ maths at this time last week. 
 A. were learning B. are learning C. was learning D. learnt 
2. She was playing games while he __________a football match. 
 A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. watching 
3. She __________to Ho Chi Minh city last year. 
 A. goes B. has gone C. go D. went 
4. Since we came here, we ______ a lot of acquaintances. 
 A. have had B. had C. have D. are having 
5. She __________school when she was six.( khi cô ấy sáu tuổi) 
 A. start B. started C. has started D. are starting 
6. I. __________TV when the telephone rang. ( tôi đang xem TV thì điện thoại kêu) 
 A. watched B. was watching C. are watching D. have watched 
7. She__________ lunch by the time we arrived. 
 A. had finished B. finished C. have finished D. finishing 
8. This record-shop__________ be a book-shop a few years ago. 
 A. used to B. use C. used D. used 
9. By the time we ____ to the train station, Susan _____ for us for more than two hours. 
 A. will get / has been waiting B. got / was waiting 
 C. got / had been waiting D. get / will wait 
 3 10. After he ____________ his English course, he went to England to continue his study. 
 A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. had finished 
11. Mai____ in HCM for five years. 
 A. lives B. has lived C. is living D. was living 
12. I ______ her since I _____ a student. 
 A. know/ am B. knew/ was C. have known/ am D. have known/ was 
13. The train _____ when we got to the station. 
 A. just left B. just leaves C. had just left D. will leave 
14. Her father ______ when she was a small girl. 
 A. dies B. died C. has died D. had died 
15. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived. 
 A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left 
16. By Christmas, I ____ for the company for five years. 
 A. shall have been working B. shall work 
 C. have been working D. shall be working 
17. We ______ exam at 8 o’clock next Monday. 
 A. will take B. will be taking C. take D. would take 
18. By the end of next year, my son _______ English for six months. 
A. will learn B. will have learned C. has learned D. had learned 
19. “ How long have you been with the company?” 
 “ I ______ there for ten years by September” 
A. will work B. was working C. will be working D. will have worked 
20. I am reading this novel. By the time you come back from work I _________ it. 
 A. will finish B. will have finished C. have finished 
 D. had finished 
21. The chairs _______ from the ballroom before the dance begins. 
 A. will have been removed B. will have removed 
 C. will remove D. were removed 
@. Đáp án 
 Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence. 
1. We __________ maths at this time last week. 
 A. were learning B. are learning C. was learning D. learnt 
2. She was playing games while he __________a football match. 
 A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. watching 
3. She __________to Ho Chi Minh city last year. 
 A. goes B. has gone C. go D. went 
4. Since we came here, we ______ a lot of acquaintances. 
 A. have had B. had C. have D. are having 
5. She __________school when she was six.( khi cô ấy sáu tuổi) 
 A. start B. started C. has started D. are starting 
6. I. __________TV when the telephone rang. ( tôi đang xem TV thì điện thoại kêu) 
 A. watched B. was watching C. are watching D. have watched 
7. She__________ lunch by the time we arrived. 
 A. had finished B. finished C. have finished D. finishing 
 4 8. This record-shop__________ be a book-shop a few years ago. 
 A. used to B. use C. used D. used 
9. By the time we ____ to the train station, Susan _____ for us for more than two hours. 
 A. will get / has been waiting B. got / was waiting 
 C. got / had been waiting D. get / will wait 
10. After he ____________ his English course, he went to England to continue his study. 
 A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. had finished 
11. Mai____ in HCM for five years. 
 A. lives B. has lived C. is living D. was living 
12. I ______ her since I _____ a student. 
 A. know/ am B. knew/ was C. have known/ am D. have known/ was 
13. The train _____ when we got to the station. 
 A. just left B. just leaves C. had just left D. will leave 
14. Her father ______ when she was a small girl. 
 A. dies B. died C. has died D. had died 
15. Almost everyone _______ for home by the time we arrived. 
 A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left 
16. By Christmas, I ____ for the company for five years. 
 A. shall have been working B. shall work 
 C. have been working D. shall be working 
17. We ______ exam at 8 o’clock next Monday. 
 A. will take B. will be taking C. take D. would take 
18. By the end of next year, my son _______ English for six months. 
A. will learn B. will have learned C. has learned D. had learned 
19. “ How long have you been with the company?” 
 “ I ______ there for ten years by September” 
A. will work B. was working C. will be working D. will have worked 
20. I am reading this novel. By the time you come back from work I _________ it. 
 A. will finish B. will have finished C. have finished 
 D. had finished 
21. The chairs _______ from the ballroom before the dance begins. 
 A. will have been removed B. will have removed 
 C. will remove D. were removed 
 B. SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ 
@. Lí thuyết 
I. CÁC CHỦ NGỮ CÓ ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ ÍT 
 1. Chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ nối với nhau bằng “And” nhưng chỉ cùng một người, một 
 vật 
 5 2. Chủ ngữ là một khoảng thời gian/ tiền bạc/ khoảng cách/ trọng lượng. 
 3. Chủ ngữ bắt đầu là That hoặc V-ing 
 4. Chủ ngữ là một nhóm từ/ tên một quyển sách, bài báo, câu chuyện, bộ phim/ câu trích 
 dẫn (thường trong ngoặc kép) 
 5. Chủ ngữ là News (tin tức), Môn học: mathematics, physics, Bệnh: mumps, measles, 
 Địa danh: The Philippines 
 6. Danh từ không đếm được: furniture, water, traffic, knowledge, homework 
 7. Chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định. 
 Each, every, either, neither + N(số ít) 
 Every/ any/ no/ some (body, thing, one) 
 Each, every, either, neither + of + N (số nhiều) 
II. CÁC CHỦ NGỮ CÓ ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ NHIỀU 
 1. S1 + and + S2 + V(số nhiều) Ex. Lan and Tam are classmates in this 
 school year. 
 2. Khi chủ ngữ là 1 đại ngữ: several, both, many, few, all, some. 
 Ex. Several of the students are absent. 
 3. Danh từ được thành lập bởi mạo từ The + Adjective để chỉ 1 nhóm người: The rich, The 
 blind, . 
III. SOME SPECIAL CASES (một số trường hợp đặc biệt) 
 1. Hai chủ ngữ được kết nối với nhau bằng: Either or; Neither .nor; Or; Not 
only ..but also thì động từ phù hợp với chủ từ thứ 2 
 2. A number of + N(số nhiều) + Verb số nhiều 
 The number of + N(số nhiều) + verb số ít. 
 3. Với các từ sau: giới từ (of, on, with..) along with (cùng với), together with, as well as 
(cũng như), like (như là), accompained by (được đi kèm bởi), plus (cộng với) ==> thì động từ 
phù hợp với chủ từ thứ 1 
 4. One third ./ two third // half / all / some, + N đếm được + Verb số 
nhiều 
 none, no, plenty, most, the rest, a lot/ lots + of + N không đếm được (số ít )+ 
Verb số ít 
@. Bài tập 
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer 
1. There a lot of expensive furniture in our uncle’s house.( danh từ số ít) 
 A. have been B. are C. is D. were 
2. Each of you responsible for this. 
 A. are B. being C. is D. be 
3. Bill together with his brothers to the beach every morning. 
 A. going B. goes C. are D. gone 
 6 4. Either the monitor or the athletes to blame for the bad result. 
 A. be B. are C. is D. to be 
6. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment announced on TV last night. 
 A. is B. are C. was D. were 
7. Fifty minutes the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. 
 A. is B. be C. are D. were 
8. A number of sheep eating grass now. 
 A. is B. are C. was D. were 
9. Measles sometimes a serious disease. 
 A. is B. are C. being D. be 
10. The effects of cigarette smoking been proven to be extremely harmful. 
 A. has B. have C. is D. are 
11. The exercise on agreement of subjects and verbs easy. 
 A. are B. have C. has D. is 
12. Making cakes and pies Mrs. Reed’s specialty. 
 A. are B. were C. is D. be 
13. Lee, accompanied by her brother on the piano , very well received at the talent show. 
 A. are B. were C. have been D. was 
14. About 60% of students in this class from China. 
 A. are B. was C. were D. is 
15. The majority of the students . . him to be innocent. 
 A. was made B. believe C. makes D. make 
16.The use of credit cards in place of cash . . increased rapidly in recent years. 
 A. have been B. has been C. has D. have 
17. Advertisements on television . . becoming more competitive than ever before. 
 A. has B. have C. are D. is 
18. What he told you . . to be of no importance. 
 A. seems B. seem C. must seem D. have seemed 
19. Mathematics . . not always an exact science. 
 A. was B. are C. is D. were 
Exercise 2: Find the mistake 
1. All of the windows in our house was broken in the earthquake. 
 A B C D 
2. Neither Mary’s parents nor she have been this movie before. 
 A B C D 
3. Twenty dollars are all I can afford to pay for that recorder 
 A B C D 
4. The number of students who knew the answer to the last question on the exam were very 
low. 
 A B C D 
5. When I came in, everyone were watching a film. 
 A B C D 
@. Đáp án 
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer 
 7 1. There a lot of expensive furniture in our uncle’s house.( danh từ số ít) 
 A. have been B. are C. is D. were 
2. Each of you responsible for this. 
 A. are B. being C. is D. be 
3. Bill together with his brothers to the beach every morning. 
 A. going B. goes C. are D. gone 
4. Either the monitor or the athletes to blame for the bad result. 
 A. be B. are C. is D. to be 
6. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment announced on TV last night. 
 A. is B. are C. was D. were 
7. Fifty minutes the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. 
 A. is B. be C. are D. were 
8. A number of sheep eating grass now. 
 A. is B. are C. was D. were 
9. Measles sometimes a serious disease. 
 A. is B. are C. being D. be 
10. The effects of cigarette smoking been proven to be extremely harmful. 
 A. has B. have C. is D. are 
11. The exercise on agreement of subjects and verbs easy. 
 A. are B. have C. has D. is 
12. Making cakes and pies Mrs. Reed’s specialty. 
 A. are B. were C. is D. be 
13. Lee, accompanied by her brother on the piano , very well received at the talent show. 
 A. are B. were C. have been D. was 
14. About 60% of students in this class from China. 
 A. are B. was C. were D. is 
15. The majority of the students . . him to be innocent. 
 A. was made B. believe C. makes D. make 
16.The use of credit cards in place of cash . . increased rapidly in recent years. 
 A. have been B. has been C. has D. have 
17. Advertisements on television . . becoming more competitive than ever before. 
 A. has B. have C. are D. is 
18. What he told you . . to be of no importance. 
 A. seems B. seem C. must seem D. have seemed 
19. Mathematics . . not always an exact science. 
 A. was B. are C. is D. were 
Exercise 2: Find the mistake 
1. All of the windows in our house was broken in the earthquake. 
 A B C D 
2. Neither Mary’s parents nor she have been this movie before. 
 A B C D 
3. Twenty dollars are all I can afford to pay for that recorder 
 A B C D 
 8 4. The number of students who knew the answer to the last question on the exam were very 
low. 
 A B C D 
5. When I came in, everyone were watching a film. 
 A B C D 
 C. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 
@. Lí thuyết 
1. Câu điều kiện loại 0 
- Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả sự việc chắc, hiển nhiên xảy ra 
 If S + V(o, s/es), S + V(o, s/es) 
Eg: If you heat water to 1000C, it boils 
2. Câu điều kiện loại 1 
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 diễn ta sự việc sẽ xảy ra hoặc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. 
 If S + V(o, s/es), S + will/can/may/must/ have to/ should + Vinf. 
 If S + V(o, s/es), Vinf. (please) 
Eg: If I become a doctor, I will/can/may take care of the sick 
3. Câu điều kiện loại 2 
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả sự việc không có thật hoặc không có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại 
hoặc tương lai 
 If S+ Ved/were, S+ would/could/might + Vinf. 
Eg: If I were a millionaire, I would move to America. 
4. Câu điều kiện loại 3 
- Câu điều kiện loại 3 diễn tả sự việc đã không xảy ra ở quá khứ 
 If S+ had+ PII, S+ would/could/might + have+ PII 
Eg: If the weather had been nice yesterday, we could have gone to Quat Lam resort 
5. Wish and if Only (Câu mong ước) 
 Loại Wish or if only 
  Ước cho tương lai S + wish + (that) + S + would + V(bare) 
  Ước điều trái với hiện S + wish + (that) + S + Ved/2 
 tại 
  Ước điều trái với quá S + wish + (that) + S + had + Ved/3 
 khứ 
Nếu trong câu có động từ regret thì câu này được chuyển sang câu chứa Wish hoặc If 
only 
Eg: I didn’t attend his birthday party . I regret it. 
 ↓ 
-> I wish I had attended his birthday party 
Hoặc If only I had attended his birthday party 
@. Bài tập 
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer. 
1. I am flying to the States tonight. I ______ you a ring if I can find a phone. 
 9 A. will give B. would give C. could give D. have 
given 
2. If I _______ 10 years younger, I _______ the job. 
 A. am / will take B. was / have taken 
 C. had been / will have taken D. were/ would take 
3. If she _______ the train last night, she ______________here now. 
 A. took / were B. were taking / is 
 C. had taken / would have been D. had taken / would be 
4. _______ if a war happened? 
 A. What you would do B. What would you do 
 C. What will you do D. What will you do 
5. I would send her a fax if I _______ her number. 
 A. know B. knew C. had known D. could know 
6. _______ more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday: 
 A. If Peter driven B. If had Peter driven C. Had Peter driven D. Unless 
 Peter had driven 
7. If you _______ to my advice, you _______ in trouble now. 
 A. listened / were not B. listen / are not. 
 C. had listened / would not have been D. had listened / would not be 
8. If you take the 8 a.m. flight to New York you _______ change planes. 
 A. could not have to B. will not have to C. had not had to D. would not to have to 
9. If it _______ an hour ago, the streets _______ wet now. 
 A. were raining / will be B. had rained / would be 
 C. rained / would be D. had rained / would have been 
10. _______ here, he would helped us with these troubles. 
 A. Were Peter B. If were Peter C. Unless were Peter D. Unless Peter were 
11. If I were a little taller, I _____ be able to water the plant on tl.1etop shelf. 
 A. did B. would C. had D. would have 
12. If the traffic _______ bad, I may get home late. 
 A. is B. were C. was D. had been 
13. Without your recommendation, we _______ any success last year. 
 A. had not got B. did not get C. will not have got D. would not have got 
14. _______ as much money as Bill Gates of Microsoft, I would retire. 
 A. Were I to have B. If did I have C. Unless I had D. If I had had 
15. If I _______ it was a formal party, I wouldn't have gone wearing jeans and a jumper. 
 A. knew B. had known C. had been knowing D. could know 
16. Carrie said she will join the company if the starting salary _______ her expectations. 
 A. meets B. met C. has met D. had met 
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer . 
1. They regret ever moving into that house. 
A. They hoped they wouldn’t move into that house. 
B. They wish they had not moved into that house. 
C.If only they didn’t move into that house. 
 D. They think that they should have moved into that house. 
 10