Hệ thống kiến thức Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Trần Thị Gấm

 HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC ANH 9
 TOPIC 1: WISH CLAUSES
I . Mệnh đề "Wish " diễn tả muốn ở hiện tại : 
 S1 + wish / wishes + ( that ) + S2 + V(ed) .. = If only + S + V(ed)/V2 ..
 Ex : I wish I had enough time to finish my test . ( In fact , I don't have enough time )
 I wish I were at the seaside now . ( In fact , I am not at the seaside now ) 
 They wish they didn't have to go to class today .( In fact , they have to go to class today )
II. Mệnh đề "Wish " diễn tả muốn ở tơng lai . : 
S1 + wish / wishes + S2 + would / could / + Vo . = If only + S + would/could + Vo 
 Ex : We wish you could come to the party tonight .
 I wish you would stop talking that .
III. Mệnh đề "Wish " diễn tả muốn ở quá khứ :( thể hiện sự hối tiếc về điều gì đã xảy ra trong quá khứ )
S1 + wish / wishes + S2 + had + PII = If only + S + had +PII 
 Ex : I wish I hadn't eaten so much ice cream . ( but I ate so much ice cream ) 
 I wish I had known the answer for that question .( but I didn't know ) 
 Exercises
I Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau : 
1. Thu wishes she ..the tennis championship . ( can win , will win , could win ) 
2. Phong wishes he .Hanoi some day . ( will visit , would visit , visits ) 
3. Lan wishes she ..a teacher . ( was , were , is ) 
4. They wish they ..their test in time . ( could finish , can finish , will finish ) 
5. Hoa wishes she ..to Hue by train . ( will travel , would travel , travels ) 
6. The boys wish their team the game . ( didn't lose , won't lose , don't lose ) 
7. That little girl wishes she enough money to buy that toy . ( has , had , will have ) 
8. The farmers wishes it .so heavily this season . ( wouldn't rain , doesn't rain , won't rain ) 
9. Ba wishes he ..good marks this exam . ( would get , gets , got ) 
10. The children wish they ..back to visit their grandparents . ( come , would come , will come ) 
11. Huong wishes she .part in the performance . ( can take , could take , takes ) 
12. They wish their mother them new comics . ( buy , bought , would buy ) 
13. She wishes she a chance to go abroad . ( have , has , had ) 
14. I wish rivers and lakes in my hometown . ( there were , there will be , would be ) 15. We wish our hometown .in unpolluted area . ( is , was , were ) 
16. Lan didn't meet her friend . She wishes she ..her . ( had met , met, would meet )
17. Their team didn't play well. They wish they ..very well. ( played , had played , would play )
18. She didn't get good marks . She wishes she . good marks . ( got , would get , had got ) 
19. Thu didn't have time to go to the movies with her friend . She wishes she with her . ( went, had gone , could go )
20. He went to the office last Sunday . He wishes he ..there . ( hadn't gone , went , would go ) 
 TOPIC 2: FORMS OF VERBS
 I . To Vo : ( ĐT nguyên thể có to ) : đợc dùng trong những t/hợp sau : 
1. Trong cấu trúc :
 a) S + V + to V : ( afford(cú thể, cú đủ khả năng) , agree, appear, arrange, ask, beg, claim, decide, demand , expect, forget, happen, want, need, 
 try, hope ..) 
 Ex : We hope to see you again . / I decide to visit HL Bay .
 b) S + V + sb + to V : ( advise, ask, tell, encourage, expect, forbid(cấm), force(bắt buộc), invite, need, want, order, permit, warn,
 remind, persuade .) 
 Ex : He asked me to go with him ./ She told me to keep silent .
 c) It + be + adj +of + O + to -V: (It + be + generous , good , kind, nice , polite , stupid + of + O + to V ) 
 Ex : It was very kind of her to call me. 
 d) It + be + adj + for + O + to-V: ( difficult , easy, essential(cần thiết), (un)necessary , (un)usual )
 Ex : It’s necessary for him to have a rest 
2. Đa ra lý do : Ex : She keeps a knife to protect herself from danger .
3. Dùng sau các tính từ : Ex : We are happy to help him .
4. Dùng sau danh từ : Ex : It's time to go . / He made a decision to wait .
5. Sau các phó từ : enough , too 
 + ) .+ too + adj / adv + (for sb) + to V 
 +) ..+ adj / adv + enough + (for sb) + to V
 +) ..+ enough + N+ to V
6. Dùng sau các cụm từ : would like , would love , would prefer.... Ex : I would prefer to be on holiday . 
7. Dùng sau các động từ theo sau bởi 1 từ để hỏi : ( ask , decide , explain , forget , know , learn, remember , show , tell,
 understand, wonder...)
 Ex : I know how to use a computer .
 • Notes:
 - Remember + to Vo ( nhớ chưa làm 1 việc gỡ)
 - Remember + V-ing ..( nhớ đó làm 1 việc gỡ)
 - Forget + to Vo .( quờn chưa làm 1 việc)
 - Forget + V-ing ( quờn 1 việc đó làm)
 - Stop + to Vo ..( dừng việc này để làm 1 việc khỏc) - Stop + V-ing ..( thụi làm việc gỡ)
II. V-ing : ( Danh ĐT - ĐT có đuôi ing ) : đợc dùng trong các t/hợp :
1. Làm tân ngữ sau 1 số ĐT : enjoy , like, dislike , avoid ( tránh ), finish , keep , mind , stop , suggest , delay( hoãn) , ...
 Ex : We enjoy watching TV ./ He stopped smoking two years ago .
2. Làm chủ ngữ trong câu : Ex : Reading books is my favorite activity.
3.Đứng sau các giới từ : in , of, about , with , without... 
 Ex : She is interested in reading books .
4. Sau các cụm từ : + to be / get used to Ex : I am used to getting up early .
 + to look forward to She is looking forward to hearing from you .
 + to insist on + V-ing 
 + have good time 
 + to spend 
 + to have difficulty in
 + It’s no use + V-ing
 + It’s no good + V-ing
 + can’t stand/ help/ bear/ face + V-ing.
 + be worth / busy + V-ing
5. Dùng trong cấu trúc với V là ĐT cảm giác , tri giác biểu đạt hđ đang tiếp diễn .( see , watch , hear , smell, taste ...)
 Ex : I see smoke rising from the kitchen .
6. Need + V-ing : mang nghĩa bị động = needed to be + PII 
 Ex : This chair needs fixing = This chair needs to be fixed .
III. Vinf : ( ĐT nguyên thể không có to ) : Đợc dùng trong các t/hợp :
1. Sau các ĐT khuyết thiếu ( modal verbs ) : can , could , should , may , might , must , would ...
 Ex : I can speak English very well . / you should study hard .
2. Dùng trong cấu trúc : S + make / let / have + sb + V 
 Ex : I have him repair my bike .
3. Dùng trong cấu trúc với các ĐT cảm giác , tri giác ( see , watch , hear , smell ...). 
 Ex : I saw her come in .
4. Dùng trong câu mệnh lệnh . Ex : Open your book , please .
5. Dựng sau cỏc cụm từ :would rather , would sooner , had better ..... Ex : Jane would rather go to London by plane .
IV. Past participle :( PII - Quá khứ phân từ 2 ) : đợc dùng trong các t/hợp : 
1. Dùng ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành : have / has + PII : Ex : We have learned E for 5 years .
2. Dùng trong câu bị động : be + PII Ex : This school was built last year .
3. Dùng trong cấu trúc : have + sth + PII . Ex : I have my bike repaired .
4.Bắt đầu cho 1 ngữ phân từ mang nghĩa bị động . Ex : Written by Shakespear , the novel was very famous .
5. Dùng ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành : had + PII 
 EXERCISES : *Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences .
1. The students stopped ..........................when the teacher entered in the classroom .( to talk / talking / talk / talked )
2. You should remember ........................your warm clothes when it's cold .( to wear / wearing / wear / worn )
3. Her classmates started ........................when she won the rate .( to shout / shouting / shouted / shout ) 
4. Don't forget ........................your dictionary with you to class. ( to bring / bringing / bring / brought )
5. You should practice .............................E in order to talk your foreign friends .( to speak / speaking / speak / spoke )
6. The students used to ..........................soccer in that stadium . (play / played / playing / to play )
7. They used to.........................up late but now they are used to .....................up early .( get - get / got - getting / get - getting / 
to get- got)
8. I like ..........................TV in the evening . ( to watch / watching / watched / watch )
9. Would you like ......................and visit my country .( come / to come / comes / coming )
10. They need ............................some new books on Maths .( buy / to buy / buying / bought )
11. This chair needs ...........................It's almost broken . ( to fix / fix / fixing / fixed )
12. Scientists could not ..............................about the egg- shaped objects in some fields .( explain / explaining / explained / 
to explain)
13. Lan suggested ...........................to the zoo at weekend .( to go / went / go / going )
14. Would you mind........................ us alone ? ( leaving / leave/ to leave / left) 
15. The rain has made the children ........................their games .( stop / to stop / stopping / stopped ) 
16. Do you smell something .........................in the kitchen ? ( burn / burning / to burn / burned ) .
17. Gravity, ............................by Newton , is being widely applied in physics . ( discovered / discover / discovering / to discover ) 
18. I remember .......................the letter some time ago but I can't remember exactly when . ( to post / posted / posting / post ) 
19. This house needs ................... . ( to repaint / repainted / repainting / to be repainting ) 
20. Most people enjoy ...........................to different parts of the world . ( go / goes / traveling / travel ) 
22. John had his house ...........................into last night . ( broken / break / broke / breaking ) 
23. The coach didn't let anyone ...............................the team to practice before the championship. ( watching / to watch / watch /
 watched ) 
24. I am not accustomed.................................in public . ( to speak / to speaking / speaking / at speaking ) 
25. My son sometimes forgets..........................the stove when he has finished cooking . ( turn off / to turn off / turning off / 
for turning off ) 
 TOPIC 3:ACTIVE - PASSIVE VOICE
I. Active voice : ( câu chủ động ) 
Là 1 dạng của ĐT mà chủ ngữ là ngời thực hiện hành động .
Ex : Mr Brown teaches us English . / I bought this book yesterday .
 S V O1 O2 S V O M
II. Passive voice : ( câu bị động ) 
Là 1 dạng của ĐT mà chủ ngữ là ngời nhận hành động do ngời khác mang lại .
Ex : We are taught English by Mr Brown . / This book was bought by me yesterday .
III. How to change Active into Passive : 
 S + V + O 
 S + be + PII + by O 
Notes : - ĐT "be" trong câu bị động đơc chia cùng thì với động từ chính của câu chủ động .
- Nếu câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ ta có thể lấy 1 trong 2 tân ngữ đó lên làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động .
 Ex : Mr Brown teaches us English . 
 We are taught English by Mr Brown . 
 English is taught us by Mr Brown 
- Nếu S của câu chủ động là :people , someone , somebody , they , nobody.....thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta có thể bỏ
 "by O". Ex : Someone broke this cup . This cup was broken .
- Nếu trong câu chủ động có bổ ngữ là trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta đặt sau by O, nếu là trạng 
từ chỉ nơi chốn thì ta đặt trước by +O .
 Ex1 : The police found him in the forest. He was found in the forest by the police .
 Ex2 : They will build a new house next year . A new house will be built next year. 
IV. Dạng nguyên nhân :
 Active : S + have + sb + V + sth Ex : I had him repair my bike yesterday .
 Passive : S + have + sth + PII I had my bike repaired yesterday .
V. Dạng bị động của những động từ có tính chất đa ra ý kiến :( say , think , believe, report .....)
 Active : S1 + say ( that) +S2 + V2 + O. Ex : People said that he was a doctor .
 Passive : - It + be + said + S2 + V2 + 0 - It was said that he was a doctor 
 - S2 + be + said + to V/ to have PII - He was said to be a doctor .
VI. Dạng bị động của những động từ tri giác :( see , watch, hear ,...) 
 Active : S + see + O + V / V-ing. Ex : They saw her come in / comingin.
 Passive : S + be + seen + to V / V-ing . - She was seen to come in/ coming in .
 EXERCISES
I. Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động :
1. They usually hold the concerts at the university. 
 .................................................................................................................
2. People speak English all over the world . 
.................................................................................................................... 3. Alexander invented the facsimile in 1843 . 
..............................................................................................................................
4. They will build a new supermarket next year . 
............................................................................................................................
5. We are learning English lesson . 
................................................................................................................................
6. He was clearning the room when I arrived . 
 .........................................................................................................................................
7. She hasn't finished her homework yet . 
 ...................................................................................................................................
8. Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823 . 
.......................................................................................................................................
 9. Nobody has used this room for years . 
 .......................................................................................................................................
10.People think that he has gone abroad . 
.......................................................................................................................................
11. He had his friend go out with him. 
....................................................................................................................................
12. I watch the fish swimming in the pool. 
 .......................................................................................................................................
II. Chuyển các câu sau sang câu chủ động : 
1. Are you taught English by Mr Brown ? .
.......................................................................................................................................
2. Shakespares is known as the most famous English playwright. 
...............................................................................................................
3. Some UFOs were seen in some places . 
......................................................................................................................................
4. The streets are swept everyday by these women . 
.......................................................................................................................................
5. The important news is being broadcasted on TV. 
.......................................................................................................................................
6. Fruit must be kept in the fridge for long . 
......................................................................................................................................
7. His paintings will be exhibited for the first time by new Arts gallery. 
........................................................................................................
8. He is being questioned about the stolen goods by the police. 
...................................................................................................................
III.Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi : 1. They use recycled plastic to make toys and utensils . 
Recycle plastic .............................................................................................................
2. Christmas cards should be sent a week before Christmas day . 
They .................................................................................................................... .. 
3. People said that the Pyramids of Egypt is one of the wonders of the world. 
The Pyramid...................................................................................
4. They have already finished their work as requested . 
Their work ....................................................................................................................
5. A new supermarket is going to be built next week. 
They...................................................................................................................
6. How do people learn English? 
How English..................................................................................................................
7. I will translate the instruction into French . 
The................................................................................................................................
8. A new car has just been bought by him . 
He ................................................................................................................................
9. They are building a new museum in the city centre. 
A new museum............................................................................................
10. The police believed that the thief was still in the house . 
The thief .......................................................................................................................
11. Tim's mother is making him study hard for the exam . 
 Tim ...............................................................................................................................
12. It is said that he won the game . 
They........................................................................................................................
13. They have found the stolen money in the man's car . 
 The stolen money ........................................................................................................
14. Your manager must write the report . 
The report ....................................................................................................................
 TOPIC 4:Direct speech - reported speech
I. Direct speech :
- Lời dẫn trc tiếp ( thờng đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép) đợc sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn lặp hay trích dẫn nguyên văn lời nói của ai đó .
 Ex : Mrs White said : " I am a doctor ".
II. Reported speech : 
- Lời dẫn gián tiếp đợc sử dụng khi chúng ta thuật hay thông báolại nội dung lời nói của ai đó bằng ngôn ngữ của mình .
 Ex : Mrs White said that she was a doctor .
III. How to change direct speech into reported speech : 
1. Trong trờng hợp trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu tờng thuật : Ex1 : Lan said , " I am a student ." Lan said ( that) she was a student 
 Ex2 : She said ," I will come back this store tomorrow." She said ( that ) she would come back that store the following day.
* Cách chuyển :- Giữ nguyên ĐT say - said (hoặc đổi thành tell- told khi ĐT ở ngoài là say- said to sb )
 - Bỏ dấu ": "hoặc dấu "," và dấu ngoặc kép có thể thay bằng that
 - Đổi các đại từ : nhân xng , chỉ định , tính từ sở hữu ...cho hợp nghĩa .
- Lùi lại 1 thì .
 Direct speech Reported speech
 1. Simple present ( I work ) Past simple ( I worked ) 
 2. Present progressive ( I am working) Past progressive ( I was working )
 3. Present perfect ( I have worked ) Past perfect ( I had worked )
 4. Past simple ( I worked ) Past simple ( I worked )/ Past perfect( I had worked )
 5. Past progressive ( I was working ) Past progressive ( I was working )
 6. Simple future ( I will ) Would + V ( I would work ) 
 7. Must / have to Had to
 Can Could
 May Might 
 This - that tonight - that night 
 These - those last night - the night before
 Here - there tomorrow - the next day / the following day / the day after.
 Now - then yesterday - the day before / the previous day 
 Ago - before / earlier next week - the week after / the following week .
 Today - that day last week - the week before / the previous week .
Notes : - Không cần đổi thì của ĐT trong ngoặc kép nếu mệnh đề ở ngoài ở thì hiện tại đơn giản hay hiện tại hoàn thành.
 Ex : Mary says , " I will come back this store " - Mary says that she will come back this store .
2. Trong trờng hợp trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu hỏi:
a. Câu hỏi với câu trả lời ngắn :
Ex1 : She asked me , " Are you thirsty ? " - She asked me if / whether I was thirsty .
Ex2 : She asked me , " Do you like coffee ? " - She asked me if / whether I liked coffee .
* Cách chuyển :- Giữ nguyên ĐT ask-asked
 - Bỏ dấu ": "hoặc dấu "," và dấu ngoặc kép thay bằng if or whether .
 - Bỏ trợ ĐT nếu có 
 - Đổi các đại từ : nhân xng , chỉ định , tính từ sở hữu ...cho hợp nghĩa .
 - Lùi lại 1 thì .
b. Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi : 
Ex1 : The teacher asked me , " What' s you name ? " - The teacher asked me what my name was .
Ex2 : She asked me , " Where do you live ? " - She asked me where I lived . * Cách chuyển :- Giữ nguyên ĐT ask-asked
 - Bỏ dấu ": "hoặc dấu "," và dấu ngoặc kép 
 - Giữ nguyên từ để hỏi ,bỏ trợ ĐT (nếu có )
 - Đổi các đại từ : nhân xng , chỉ định , tính từ sở hữu ...cho hợp nghĩa .
 - Lùi lại 1 thì .
3. Trong trờng hợp trong dấu ngoặc kép là câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, lời khuyên : 
 3 động từ chính thờng đợc sử dụng trong dạng câu này là : ask , tell, advise.
Ex1 : " Shut the door , Tom ," he said . He told Tom to shut the door .
Ex2 : " You should stop chatting on the Internet , Mai, " Ba said . Ba advised Mai to stop chatting on the Internet .
Ex3 : " Can you give her this book, please ? " , Marry said . Marry asked me to give her that book . 
 S + asked / told / advised + sb + to V ( not to V ) 
Note : Một số động từ khác cũng đợc sử dụng theo hình thức trên : order , persuade , remind , forbid , warn .
 EXERCISES
I. Chuyển các câu sau sang câu gián tiếp / Viết lại câu dùng từ gợi ý :
1.Phong said , " My parents are proud of my good marks "
- Phong said .
2. Thu said , " All the students will have a meeting next week ."
- Thu said .
3. The teacher said , " All the homework must be done carefully."
- The teacher said .
4. Her father said to her , " You can go to the movies with your friends ".
- Her father said 
5. The students said , " We should finish our work before going out for lunch ."
- The students said 
6. " I bought this book last week ," He said . - He said .
7. The teacher asked me , " Where does your father work ? " 
- The teacher .
8. " How many people are there in your family ? " She asked Lan .
- She .
9. "What will they make for their mother on Mother's Day ? " Thu asked Hoa .
- Thu .
10. " Why is she crying ? " Nga asked Lan . - .
11. " She asked Ba , " Why do you collect waste paper ? " 
- She asked ..
12. Lam asked Peter , " Are Tam and Hoa late for class ? "
- Lam ...............................................
13. He asked his friend , " Will it rain tomorrow morning ? " - He 
14. She asked me , " Do you need an umbrella to go out ? " 
- She ..
15. " Can you speak English ? " she asked me . - She asked ................................................
16. " Keeping all the windows open , Bill" . - I told 
17. " Go to the dentist before your toothache gets worse , Tim " - I advised .
18. " Sit down and tell me what is worrying you , " he said to her . 
- He told her 
II. Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu : 
1. Ba said he .some good marks last semester . ( get / got / getting )
2. They asked me how many children ( I had / had I / I have ) 
3. Thu said she was yesterday . ( here / there / in this place ) 
4. She asked me if I ..speak Chinese .( can / will / could ) 
5. The students said that the English test ..the most difficult .( is / was / will be ) 
6. They told their parents that they ..their best to do the test . ( try / would try / will try ) 
7. He asked if I ..play tennis . ( can / could / may / must ) 
8. She said , " Have you done your homework , Mai ? " - She asked her homework .
 ( if Mai has done / if Mai had done / whether has Mai done .) 
9. She told me that she .English well. ( speak / spoke / speaks ) 
10. My mother asked me if I closed the window . ( My mother said me " Do you close the window ? "/ 
 My mother asked me , " Do you close the window ? " / My mother told me , " Have you close the window ? " ) 
11. The teacher said that all the homework to be done . ( must / had / have ) 
12. His friend asked him how he ..to the airport . ( go / went / did go ) 
13. She asked me ..( if I was good at English / if I good at English /if was I good at English / if I am good at English )
14. " Where does Mai live ? " he asked .( He asked me where did Mai lives ./ He asked me where Mai lived. / 
He asked me where Mai lives./ He asked me where does Mai live. ) 
 TOPIC 5: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I. Câu điều kiện loại I : 
- Dùng để diễn tả diều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tơng lai .
 Mệnh đề If ( If - clause ) Mệnh đề chính ( main - clause ) 
 Thì hiện tại đơn ( Simple present ) Thì tơng lai đơn ( simple future ) 
 Ex : If he comes here , I will be very happy ./ If it doesn't rain tomorrow , we will go camping .
* Notes : - Có thể dùng can , may , must + V hay thể mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính thay cho thì tơng lai.
 Ex : If you study hard , you can get good marks . / If he comes here , tell him the true .
 - Dùng thì hiện tại đơn thay cho tơng lai ở mệnh đề chính để diễn tả qui luật tự nhiên hay qui luật tất yếu. 
 Ex : If you heat ice, it melts .