Ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Unit 6: Global warming

 UNIT 6: GLOBAL WARMING 
 (SỰ NĨNG LÊN TỒN CẦU)
A. VOCABULARY 
 New words Meaning Picture Example 
absorb thấm, hút, hấp thu We should plant more 
/əbˈzɔːb/ (v) trees as they absorb carbon 
 dioxide and give off 
 oxygen. 
 Chúng ta nên trồng thêm cây 
 xanh vì chúng hấp thụ khí 
 các- bon đi-ơ-xít và thải ra 
 khí ơ-xi. 
atmosphere khí quyển 
/ˈỉtməsfɪə(r)/ (n) A large amount of gas 
 emissions are released into 
 the atmosphere. 
 Một lượng lớn khí thải đã bị 
 xả vào khí quyển. 
awareness sự nhận thức, We should raise public 
/əˈweənəs/ (n) hiểu biết, quan awareness of protecting the 
 tâm environment. 
 Chúng ta nên nâng cao nhận 
 thức cộng đồng về bảo vệ 
 mơi trường. 
ban cấm 
/bỉn/ (v) Some chemicals were 
 banned because of their 
 damaging effect on the 
 environment. 
 Một số chất hĩa học đã bị 
 cấmdo ảnh hưởng của 
 chúng gây thiệt hại tới mơi 
 trường. 
capture lưu lại, giam giữ lại Forests absorb and capture 
/ˈkỉptʃə(r)/ (v) CO2 from the atmosphere. 
 Rừng hấp thụ và giữ lại khí 
 1 
 CO2 từ khí quyển. 
carbon footprint lượng khí CO2 We should take some 
/ˌkɑːbənˈfʊtprɪnt/ thải ra hằng ngày measures to reduce our 
(n) của một cá nhân carbon footprint. 
 hoặc 
 nhà máy... Chúng ta nên thực hiện một 
 số 
 biện pháp nhằm giảm thiểu 
 lượng khí CO2 thải ra hàng 
 ngày. 
catastrophic thảm khốc, thê Global warming results in 
/ˌkỉtəˈstrɒfɪk/ thảm catastrophic weather 
(n) patterns such as floods or 
 droughts, which can have 
 an impact on human lives. 
 Sự nĩng lên tồn cầu gây ra 
 các kiểu thời tiết khắc nghiệt 
 như lủ lụt hay hạn hán, cĩ thể 
 ảnh hưởng đến cuộc sống con 
 người. 
clean-up sự dọn dẹp, làm They raised money for the 
/ˈkliːn ʌp/ (n) sạch, tổng vệ sinh clean-up bycreating 
 And 
 selling paintings of birds. 
 Họ đã quyên gĩp tiền cho 
 cuộc 
 tổng vệ sinh bằng cách vẽ và 
 bán tranh về các lồi chim. 
climate change biến đổi khí hậu 
/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ Global warming can lead to 
(n) climate change. 
 Sự nĩng lên tồn cầu cĩ thể 
 dẫn đến biến đổi khí hậu. 
 2 
 diversity sự đa dạng 
/daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n) We cannot exist without 
 species diversity on Earth. 
 Chúng ta khơng thể tồn tại 
 mà 
 khơng cĩ sự đa dạng lồi trên 
 Trái Đất. 
ecological thuộc về sinh thái Deforestation is one of the 
/ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ biggestenvironmental 
(adj) threats to the ecological 
 balance in the world. 
 Nạn phá rừng là một trong số 
 những mối đe dọa mơi trường 
 lớn nhất đối với sự cân bằng 
 sinh thái trên thế giới. 
ecosystem hệ sinh thái Pollution can have negative 
/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ (n) impacts on the ecosystem. 
 Sự ơ nhiễm cĩ thể gây ảnh 
 hưởng tiêu cực lên hệ sinh 
 thái. 
emission sự phát (sáng), tỏa The governments make 
/ɪˈmɪʃn/ (n) (nhiệt), xả (khí) efforts to reduce the 
 emission of greenhouse. 
 Chính phủ các nước nỗ lực 
 giảm thiểu khí thải nhờ kính. 
famine nạn đĩi 
/ˈfỉmɪn/ (n) Crop failure could result in 
 famine in this area. 
 Sự mất mùa cĩ thể gây ra nạn 
 đĩi tại khu vực này. 
fertilizer phân bĩn Because farmers used too 
/ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ (n) much chemical fertilizer on 
 the farm, they have to drink 
 polluted water. 
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 Do nơng dân sử dụng quá 
 nhiều phân bĩn hĩa học trên 
 đồng ruộng, họ phải uống 
 nguồn nước ơ nhiễm. 
greenhouse gas chất khí gây hiệu 
/ˌɡriːnhaʊs ˈɡỉs/ ứng nhà kính There should be more 
(n) feasible solutions to reduce 
 greenhouse gases. 
 Cần các giải pháp khả thi hơn 
 nhằm giảm thiểu khí nhà kính. 
heat-related cĩ liên quan tới 
/hiːt - rɪˈleɪtɪd/ nhiệt Global warming can 
(adj) contribute to heat- related 
 illnesses. 
 Sự nĩng lên tồn câu cĩ thể 
 gĩp phần gây ra các bệnh 
 liên quan đến nhiệt. 
lawmaker người làm luật, nhà 
/ˈlɔːmeɪkə(r)/ (n) lập pháp These lawmakers are 
 arguing over the new 
 healthcare reform bill. 
 Các nhà lập pháp này đang 
 tranh luận về dự luật cải 
 cách y tế mới. 
oil spill tràn dầu 
/ɔɪl - spɪl/ (n, p) After the oil spill, the water 
 around the island was 
 toxic to animal life. 
 Sau sự cố tràn dầu, nguồn 
 nước xung quanh hịn đảo 
 gây độc hại đến cuộc sống 
 của các lồi động vật. 
B. GRAMMAR 
1. Perfect gerunds (Danh động từ hồn thành) 
• Hình thức having + pp (chủ động); having been + pp (bị động)
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 Chức năng: 
 Dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh động từ khi nhấn mạnh một hành động đã xảy ra trong 
 quá khứ trước hành động của động từ chính trong câu 
E.g: She denied having stolen the bike. (Cơ ấy phủ nhận đã lấy trộm xe đạp.) nhấn mạnh hành động 
"having stolen the bike - lấy trộm xe đạp" xảy ra trước hành động "she denied- cơ ấy phủ nhận" 
 Danh động từ hồn thành cĩ thể được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau: 
 a. V + O + Prep + Perfect Gerund 
 Các động từ thường gặp là accuse sb of (buộc tội ai); apologize sb for (xin lỗi ai), admire sb for 
 (ngưỡng mộ ai), blame sb for (đổ lỗi cho ai), congratulate sb on (chúc mừng ai), criticize sb 
 for (chỉ trích ai), praise sb for (khen ngợi ai), thank sb for (cảm ơn ai), suspect sb of (nghi ngờ 
 ai), .... 
 E.g: The police blamed him for having cut down the oldest tree in the park. 
 b. V + Perfect Gerund 
 Các động từ thường gặp là admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), forget (quên), mention (đề 
 cập), 
 remember (nhớ), regret (hối tiếc, hối hận), .... 
 E.g: I admit having stolen his money. 
 Lưu ý: Tùy vào ngữ cảnh chúng ta cĩ thể sử dụng danh động từ đơn (gerunds) hay danh động từ 
 hồn thành (perfect gerunds). Trong một số trường hợp chúng ta cĩ thể thấy rõ hành động nào 
 xảy ra trước và do đĩ chúng ta chỉ cần sử dụng danh động từ đơn mà khơng cần dùng danh động 
 từ hồn thành để nhấn mạnh. 
 E.g: She denied stealing the bag. 
 2. Perfect participles in clauses of time and reason (Phân từ hồn thành trong các mệnh đề 
 chỉ thời 
 gian và lý do) 
 a. Hình thức: having + PP (chủ động); having been + pp (bị động) 
 E.g: Having finished his homework, he went out with his friends. (Sau khi làm xong bài tập về 
 nhà, cậu ấy đã đi chơi với bạn.) 
 b. Chức năng 
 Chúng ta dùng phân từ hồn thành để: 
 - Rút gọn mệnh đề khi hành động trong mệnh đề đĩ xảy ra trước hành động khác. 
 - Nếu phân từ hồn thành đứng đầu câu ta phải dùng dấu phẩy (,) giữa hai mệnh đề. 
 E.g: Having met his parents, he left home. 
 (Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy rời khỏi nhà) 
 E.g: He finished his homework and then he went out with his friends. 
 → Having finished his homework, he went out with his friends. 
 - Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. 
 E.g: After he had got up, he brushed his teeth. 
 →After having getting up/ Having getting up, he brushed his teeth. 
 -Giải thích lý do cho hành động trong mệnh đề chính. 
 E.g: Having lost the game, they cried a lot. 
 Lưu ý: Mệnh đề rút gọn được gọi là mệnh đề phân từ (participle clauses); hai hành động cĩ 
 cùng chủ ngữ. 
C.BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG 
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the 
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 other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 
1. A. genius B. gorilla C. global D. gases 
2. A. pollution B. poaching C. physical D. pesticide 
3. A. warming B. warn C. walk D. wasn't 
4. A. floor B. flood C. moorland D. door 
5. A. increase B. release C. please D. grease 
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the 
position of primary stress in each of the following questions. 
1. A. campaign B. global C. balance D. carbon 
2. A. natural B. endangered C. dangerous D. habitat 
3. A. rainforest B. tropical C. discover D. animal 
4. A. pollution B. continue C. enormous D. disappear 
5. A. devastated B. environment C. diversity D. ecology 
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the 
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 
1. We need to cut down on the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
A. intake B. retake C. uptake D. discharge 
2. Land erosion is mainly caused by widespread deforestation. 
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. logging D. lawn mowing 
3. In the past, a lot of countries denied having contributed to global warming. 
A. agreed B. refuted C. approved D. avoided 
4. Most people admit that they contribute to global warming. 
A. be partly responsible for B. disapprove C. neglect D. cause 
5. We must admit that people are heavily polluting the environment. 
A. decline B. rebut C. deny D. accept 
6. In the polluted environment, infectious diseases can be passed easily from one person to another. 
A. fatal B. safe C. contagious D. immune 
7. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies. 
A. very good B. very bad C. normal D. long-lasting 
8. Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun. 
A. catch B. discharge C. dispose D. release 
9. Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecologicalbalance in the world. 
A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety 
10. Global warming effects on people and nature are catastrophic. 
A. destructive B. constructive C. evaluative D. creative 
11. Coal burning releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
A. discourages B. reduces C. relaxes D. discharges 
12. Forests absorb and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 
A. take up B. take in C. take over D. take to 
13. Flood and drought are two major causes of famine. 
A. storm B. cebriity C. hygiene D. hunger 
14. It is important to maintain the biological diversity of the rainforests. 
A. similarity B. identity C. variety D. compatibility 
15. Our city is going to ban supermarkets from using plastic bags. 
A. reduce B. encourage C. prohibit D. allow 
IV.Complete the sentences with the perfect participle. 
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 1._____________________ (park) the car, we searched for the ticket machine. 
 2. _______________ (drink) one liter of water, she really needed to go to the toilet. 
 3. _____________________ (leave) the party too early, we couldn't see the fireworks anymore. 
 4._________________ (finish) her phone call, she went back to work. 
 5.__________________ (lose) ten kilograms, Daisy finally fit into her favorite dress again. 
 V. Complete the sentences with the perfect participle. Decide whether to use active or 
 passive voice. 
 1. (stop) the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents. 
 2. (write) the test, we felt relieved 
 3. (work) all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening. 
 4. (send) to counter 20,1 had to return to counter 3. 
 5. (confess), he was accused of even more criminal offences. 
 6. (arrive) at the station, we called a taxi. 
 7. (type) by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss. 
 8. (interrupt) several times, she was rather annoyed. 
 9. (live) in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker. 
 10. (rescue), the injured man was taken to hospital. 
 VI.Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined part with a perfect participle. 
 1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed. 
 ___________________ , we went to bed. 
 2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play. 
 ___________________ , the boy went out to play. 
 3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself. 
 _______________ , he didn't drive home himself. 
 4. We have written two tests today, so we are very exhausted. 
 ,we are very exhausted. 
 5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on. 
 , she switched it on. 
 6. She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning. 
 ,she overslept in the morning. 
 7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening. 
 ,we were sunburned in the evening. 
 8. She had not slept for two days and therefore wasn't able to concentrate. 
 ,she wasn't able to concentrate. 
 9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him. 
 ,I didn't recognize him. 
 10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and found it very difficult to keep in the saddle 
 ,I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle. 
VII.Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the following transcription. 
1. ___________________________ /iˈmɪʃn/ (n): ______________________________________ 
2. ___________________________ /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ (adj): ___________________________________ 
3. ___________________________ /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj): ________________________________ 
4. ___________________________ /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ (n): ____________________________ 
5. ___________________________ /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): ___________________________________ 
6. ___________________________ /ˈnjuːmərəs/ (adj): _________________________________ 
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 7. ___________________________ /dɪsˈrʌpt/ (v): _____________________________________ 
8. ___________________________ /ˈkỉptʃə(r)/ (v): ___________________________________ 
9. ___________________________ /əbˈzɔːb/ (v): _____________________________________ 
10. ___________________________ /ˈfỉmɪn/ (n): ____________________________________ 
 VIII.Choose the best answer. 
 1. He thought that such a trifle was not worth 
 A. being mentioned B. having mentioned 
 C. mentioning D. to be mentioned 
 2. I'm surprised at your this book so quickly. How did you manage to do it? 
 A. being read B. having read 
 C. having been read D. reading 
 3. I thought of Tim for help, but then I decided to ask Linda. 
 A. asking B. having asked C. my asking D. to ask 
 4. The fear for what he had done made him run away. 
 A. being punished B. of being punished 
 C. of punishing D. to be punished 
 5. This work should be no problem for him. He is used to it. 
 A. being done B. do C. doing D. having done 
 6. She was tired. She didn't feel capable anything. 
 A. doing B. about doing C. fordoing D. of doing 
 7. He apologized in advance for to see us during our visit. 
 A. being not able B. having been not able 
 C. not being able D. not having been able 
 8. It is no use it. He is not listening to you. 
 A. by repeating B. in repeating 
 C. of repeating D. repeating 
 9. We have no objection him. 
 A. for inviting B. of inviting C. to inviting D. to invite 
 10. I was reading a book when she burst into my room without 
 A. being seen B. knocking 
 C. saying goodbye D. turning on the light 
 11._____________ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous. 
 A. Having slept B. Have slept 
 C. Having been slept D. Have been slept 
 12.By the time their baby arrives, the Smiths hope painting and decorating the new nursery. 
 A. having finished B to have finished 
 C. having been finished D. to have been finished 
 13.She's angry about to the farewell party last night 
 A. not having invited B. not to have invited 
 C. not having been invited D. not to have been invited 
 14.We decided not to travel, 
 A. having heard B. to have heard 
 C. having been heard D. to have been heard 
 15.I'd love to the party, but it was impossible. 
 A. having gone B. to have gone 
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 C. having been gone D. to have been gone 
16.I don't recall him at the conference. 
A. having seen B. to have seen 
C. having been seen D. to have been seen 
17.____________ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights. 
A. Having painted B. To have painted 
C. Having been painted D. To have been painted 
18.The stockbroker denied of the secret business deal. 
A. having informed B. to have informed 
C. having been informed D. to have been informed 
19.They now regret their son by providing too many material possessions. 
A. having spoiled B. to have spoiled 
C. having been spoiled D. to have been spoiled 
20.__________________ to the party, we could hardly refuse to go. 
A. Having invited B. To have invited 
C. Having been invited D. To have been invited 
21.Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky a second 
chance. 
A. having given B. to have given 
C. having been given D. to have been given 
22.Are you sure you told me? I don't recall about it. 
A. having told B. to have told 
C. having been told D. to have been told 
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